تثبيت Nginx وإعداده

Welcome! In this lesson, we'll get Nginx up and running on your system. Nginx (pronounced "engine-x") is a powerful web server and reverse proxy that's widely used for high-performance applications.

We'll cover installation on common operating systems and explore its initial setup.

For Debian or Ubuntu Linux, Nginx is readily available through the APT package manager. These commands will update your package list and install Nginx:

• sudo apt update
• sudo apt install nginx

The sudo command grants administrative privileges, necessary for system-wide changes.

After installation, Nginx usually starts automatically. You can verify its status using systemctl, a command for controlling system services.

A successful output will show "active (running)". Try running this:

Knowing how to control the Nginx service is crucial. Here are the most common commands you'll use:

• Start: sudo systemctl start nginx
• Stop: sudo systemctl stop nginx
• Restart: sudo systemctl restart nginx (stops and then starts)
• Reload: sudo systemctl reload nginx (applies config changes without dropping connections)

Nginx configurations live in specific directories. On Linux systems, the main configuration file is usually located at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.

This main file often includes other configuration files from the /etc/nginx/sites-available/ directory. These are then symlinked (a type of shortcut) to /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ to activate them.

Once Nginx is running, open your web browser and navigate to http://localhost/ or your server's IP address. You should see a default "Welcome to Nginx!" page.

This page confirms Nginx is serving content correctly from its default web root, which is typically /var/www/html.

By default, Nginx listens for incoming web requests on port 80 (the standard HTTP port). This is configured in the nginx.conf file or included server blocks.

You can verify which ports Nginx is listening on using the ss command (Socket Statistics). Try running this example:

For macOS users, Homebrew is the easiest way to install Nginx. Homebrew is a popular package manager for macOS.

First, ensure Homebrew is installed. Then, use the brew command to install Nginx and start its service:

Let's test your understanding of basic Nginx service commands.

Great job! You've successfully learned how to install Nginx on both Linux and macOS, verify its status, and manage the service with basic commands.

We also touched upon where Nginx stores its configuration files and how to confirm it's serving the default page. In the next lesson, we'll dive into the basic Nginx configuration file structure!