الأذونات وطلبات وقت التشغيل

نظرة عامة على أذونات Android

التصريح في ملف Manifest

<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
<manifest ...>

    <!-- Normal: granted automatically -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />

    <!-- Dangerous: must request at runtime -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />

    <application ...>
        ...
    </application>
</manifest>

التحقق من منح الإذن

import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import android.content.pm.PackageManager

fun isCameraPermissionGranted(): Boolean {
    return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
        this,   // Context
        android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA
    ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
}

طلب الإذن باستخدام ActivityResultLauncher

class CameraActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private val requestCameraPermission = registerForActivityResult(
        ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()
    ) { isGranted ->
        if (isGranted) {
            openCamera()
        } else {
            showPermissionDeniedMessage()
        }
    }

    fun onTakePhotoClick(view: View) {
        if (isCameraPermissionGranted()) {
            openCamera()
        } else {
            requestCameraPermission.launch(android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
        }
    }
}

طلب عدة أذونات دفعة واحدة

private val requestMultiple = registerForActivityResult(
    ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()
) { permissions ->
    val cameraGranted   = permissions[android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA] ?: false
    val locationGranted = permissions[android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION] ?: false

    if (cameraGranted && locationGranted) {
        startFeature()
    } else {
        showWhichPermissionsDenied(cameraGranted, locationGranted)
    }
}

fun requestPermissions() {
    requestMultiple.launch(arrayOf(
        android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
        android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
    ))
}

التعليل: متى تشرح السبب

fun requestCameraWithRationale() {
    when {
        isCameraPermissionGranted() -> {
            openCamera()
        }
        shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA) -> {
            // Explain why we need it, then request
            AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("Camera needed")
                .setMessage("We use the camera to take profile photos.")
                .setPositiveButton("OK") { _, _ ->
                    requestCameraPermission.launch(android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                }
                .show()
        }
        else -> {
            requestCameraPermission.launch(android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
        }
    }
}

الرفض الدائم — الانتقال إلى الإعدادات

fun openAppSettings() {
    val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS).apply {
        data = Uri.fromParts("package", packageName, null)
    }
    startActivity(intent)
}

إذن الموقع

مثال كامل لإذن الكاميرا

class PhotoActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private val cameraLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
        ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()
    ) { granted ->
        if (granted) openCamera() else showDenied()
    }

    private fun handleCameraClick() {
        val permission = android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA
        when {
            ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) ==
                    PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED -> openCamera()
            shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission) ->
                showRationaleDialog()
            else -> cameraLauncher.launch(permission)
        }
    }

    private fun showDenied() {
        Snackbar.make(binding.root, "Camera permission required", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
            .setAction("Settings") { openAppSettings() }.show()
    }
}

أفضل ممارسات الأذونات

أذونات الوسائط الدقيقة في Android 13 والإصدارات الأحدث

اختبار سريع

مراجعة: الأذونات