مقدمة إلى try وexcept وfinally

كتلة try

# Example of a try block
try:
    x = 10 / 0  # This will raise a ZeroDivisionError
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("You cannot divide by zero.")

كتلة except

# Handling a specific exception
try:
    value = int("abc")  # This will raise a ValueError
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid input. Please enter a number.")

معالجة استثناءات متعددة

# Handling multiple exceptions
try:
    file = open("nonexistent.txt", "r")
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("The file does not exist.")
except PermissionError:
    print("You don’t have permission to open this file.")

معالجة استثناءات متعددة في كتلة واحدة

# Handling multiple exceptions in one block
try:
    x = int("abc")
    y = 10 / 0
except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as e:
    print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

كتلة finally

# Using finally for cleanup
try:
    file = open("example.txt", "r")
    content = file.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("The file does not exist.")
finally:
    print("Closing the file.")

كتلة else

# Using else to execute code if no exceptions occur
try:
    result = 10 / 2
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("You cannot divide by zero.")
else:
    print(f"The result is {result}")

تسجيل الاستثناءات

# Logging exceptions
import logging

try:
    x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    logging.error(f"An error occurred: {e}")

الأخطاء الشائعة مع try وexcept وfinally

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