مقدمة إلى التغليف والتجريد

ما هو التغليف؟

# Example of encapsulation
class Person:
    # Private attribute (indicated by double underscores)
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.__name = name

    # Public method to access the private attribute
    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

person = Person("Alice")
# Accessing private data via a public method
print(person.get_name())

السمات الخاصة

# Private attributes
class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand):
        self.__brand = brand  # Private attribute

    def get_brand(self):
        # Public method to access the private attribute
        return self.__brand

car = Car("Toyota")
print(car.get_brand())  # Outputs: Toyota

ما هو التجريد؟

# Example of abstraction
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

# Abstract Base Class
class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass

# Subclass implementing the abstract method
class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        return 3.14 * self.radius * self.radius

circle = Circle(5)
print(circle.area())  # Outputs: 78.5

الفئات المجردة

# Abstract Base Class with multiple subclasses
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Animal(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def speak(self):
        pass

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        print("Dog barks")

class Cat(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        print("Cat meows")

dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()
dog.speak()  # Outputs: Dog barks
cat.speak()  # Outputs: Cat meows

التغليف مقابل التجريد

مزايا التغليف والتجريد

الأخطاء الشائعة في التغليف والتجريد

ماذا تعلمنا؟