Ethereum 虚拟机
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Ethereum 虚拟机 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 课时。 这是第 1 节课，共 4 节。 你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。 这是 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 课程共包含 4 节课。
本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。
What Is the EVM?
The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the runtime that executes smart contract code on every Ethereum node.
It is a sandboxed, deterministic computer shared by the whole network.
A Global Computer
The EVM is often called a world computer. Every full node runs the same EVM and processes the same transactions, arriving at the same result.
This shared execution is what gives Ethereum a single, agreed-upon state.
Stack-Based Machine
The EVM is a stack machine: operations push and pop values from a stack rather than using named registers.
For example, addition pops two values and pushes their sum.
PUSH1 0x05 // stack: [5]
PUSH1 0x03 // stack: [5, 3]
ADD // stack: [8]Bytecode
Smart contracts are deployed as bytecode — a compact sequence of bytes the EVM understands. Solidity source is compiled down to this bytecode.
The EVM never sees your high-level Solidity; it only runs bytecode.
Solidity source
| (compiler: solc)
v
EVM bytecode (0x6080604052...)
| (deployed)
v
EVM executes itOpcodes
Bytecode is made of opcodes — single-byte instructions like ADD, MUL, SLOAD, and JUMP.
Each opcode performs one low-level operation and has a fixed gas cost. We explore opcodes in a later lesson.
Deterministic Execution
The EVM is fully deterministic: the same inputs always produce the same outputs on every node.
This is essential — if nodes disagreed on results, the network could never reach consensus on the state.
256-bit Word Size
The EVM operates on 256-bit words (32 bytes). This large size suits cryptographic operations like hashing and elliptic-curve math.
It is unusual compared to the 32- or 64-bit words of ordinary CPUs.
Gas Metering
The EVM meters gas as it runs. Each opcode deducts its gas cost, and execution halts if gas runs out.
This guarantees termination and prevents any contract from running forever.
The Sandbox
EVM execution is sandboxed: contract code cannot access the network, filesystem, or other processes.
It can only read and write blockchain state. This isolation keeps execution predictable and secure.
EVM-Compatible Chains
Many other blockchains run the EVM or a clone of it — Polygon, BNB Chain, Avalanche C-Chain, and Arbitrum among them.
This EVM compatibility lets developers deploy the same contracts across many chains.
Putting It Together
The EVM is a deterministic, sandboxed, stack-based virtual machine that executes contract bytecode on every node, metering gas and operating on 256-bit words.
Its determinism is the foundation of network consensus.
Quick Check
Test your EVM knowledge.
Recap: The EVM
You learned that:
- The EVM runs smart contract bytecode on every node
- It is a stack-based, deterministic, sandboxed machine
- Solidity compiles to bytecode made of opcodes
- It uses 256-bit words and meters gas
Next: EVM data locations.
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常见问题解答
「Ethereum 虚拟机」课时是免费的吗？
是的 — 「Ethereum 虚拟机」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 课程共包含 4 节课。
「Ethereum 虚拟机」这节课中我会学到什么？
字节码执行 你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。
学习 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 需要有经验吗？
无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。 这是第 1 节课，共 4 节。
「Ethereum 虚拟机」课时需要多长时间？
大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。
我能在这节 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 课中编写并运行代码吗？
能。每节 Web3 & DApp Development Fundamentals 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。