内存用户身份验证
使用内存中的用户详情实现基本身份验证，直接配置用户名、密码和角色。
内存用户身份验证 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 课时。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。 你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。 这是 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 课程共包含 4 节课。
本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。
Welcome to In-Memory Auth
The fastest way to add real users: in-memory authentication. You define accounts straight in code — perfect for tests and tiny apps.
Why In-Memory Authentication?
In-memory authentication shines for prototyping, learning, and small apps where you don't need users persisted to a database.
Core: UserDetailsService
The UserDetailsService interface is the core of authentication — its job is to load user data. In-memory mode loads it from accounts you define in code.
Meet UserDetails
UserDetailsService returns a UserDetails object holding the username, an always-encoded password, and the authorities that define what the user can access.
Defining a User with Builder
Use User.builder() to create a UserDetails: set the username, an encoded password, and roles. The code shows a minimal user.
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
public class UserBuilderDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// A PasswordEncoder is essential for security
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
UserDetails user = User.builder()
.username("alice")
.password(passwordEncoder.encode("secret")) // Encode the password!
.roles("USER") // Short for ROLE_USER
.build();
System.out.println("Username: " + user.getUsername());
System.out.println("Password (encoded): " + user.getPassword());
System.out.println("Authorities: " + user.getAuthorities());
}
}The InMemoryUserDetailsManager
The InMemoryUserDetailsManager is the default UserDetailsService for in-memory auth, storing your UserDetails in a simple map. Pass users to its constructor.
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
public class InMemoryManagerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
UserDetails user1 = User.builder()
.username("bob")
.password(passwordEncoder.encode("pass123"))
.roles("USER")
.build();
UserDetails admin = User.builder()
.username("admin")
.password(passwordEncoder.encode("adminpass"))
.roles("ADMIN", "USER") // Multiple roles
.build();
// Create the manager with our users
InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user1, admin);
// Try to load a user
System.out.println("Loaded user: " + manager.loadUserByUsername("bob").getUsername());
System.out.println("Loaded admin: " + manager.loadUserByUsername("admin").getUsername());
}
}Configuring the Manager Bean
In Boot, expose the InMemoryUserDetailsManager as a @Bean and Spring picks it up automatically. Just remember to also provide a PasswordEncoder bean.
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
@Configuration
public class SimpleSecurityConfig {
@Bean
public UserDetailsService inMemoryUsers(PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
UserDetails user = User.builder()
.username("tester")
.password(passwordEncoder.encode("testpass"))
.roles("VIEWER")
.build();
return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user);
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
// Other HttpSecurity configurations would go here...
}Roles vs. Authorities
Use roles and Spring auto-prefixes them with ROLE_ (USER becomes ROLE_USER). For fine-grained permissions, .authorities() takes the full string as-is.
Multiple Users and Roles
Add as many in-memory users as you need, each with different roles, to test access-control scenarios — just pass more UserDetails to the manager.
Quick Check
You've learned how to set up users in memory. Which Spring Security component is specifically used to manage and retrieve these in-memory user details?
Recap: In-Memory Auth
Recap: in-memory authentication lets you define users via User.builder(), store them in InMemoryUserDetailsManager, encode passwords, and assign roles.
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常见问题解答
「内存用户身份验证」课时是免费的吗？
是的 — 「内存用户身份验证」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 课程共包含 4 节课。
「内存用户身份验证」这节课中我会学到什么？
使用内存中的用户详情实现基本身份验证，直接配置用户名、密码和角色。 你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。
学习 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 需要有经验吗？
无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。
「内存用户身份验证」课时需要多长时间？
大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。
我能在这节 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 课中编写并运行代码吗？
能。每节 Spring Security 6 & JWT Authentication 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。