Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide · 课时

使用 Flyway 进行数据库迁移

在 Spring Boot 中使用带版本控制的 Flyway 迁移，安全且可重复地管理跨环境的数据库结构变更。

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使用 Flyway 进行数据库迁移 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 课时。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

The Problem with Manual Schema Changes

Editing the database by hand is error-prone and hard to reproduce across dev, test, and production. Migrations turn schema changes into versioned, repeatable scripts.

What Is Flyway?

Flyway is a migration tool that applies SQL scripts in order, tracking which have run in a history table so each runs exactly once.

Adding Flyway

Spring Boot auto-detects Flyway on the classpath and runs migrations at startup. Just add the dependency.

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.flywaydb</groupId>
  <artifactId>flyway-core</artifactId>
</dependency>

Migration File Naming

Versioned scripts follow the pattern V1__description.sql. The version number after V determines execution order.

V1__create_users.sql
V2__add_email_column.sql

Where Migrations Live

By default Flyway looks in src/main/resources/db/migration. Place your SQL files there and they are picked up automatically.

A First Migration

Your first script typically creates a table. Once applied, Flyway records it and never runs it again.

CREATE TABLE users (
  id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);

The Schema History Table

Flyway maintains a flyway_schema_history table recording each applied version, its checksum, and timestamp. This is how it knows what is pending.

Never Edit Applied Migrations

Once a migration has run anywhere, treat it as immutable. Editing it changes the checksum and Flyway will fail validation. Always add a new migration instead.

ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN email VARCHAR(200);

Repeatable Migrations

Scripts prefixed with R__ instead of a version run whenever their content changes. They are ideal for views and stored procedures.

Flyway and JPA Together

Disable Hibernate's auto schema generation and let Flyway own the schema. This gives you a single, reliable source of truth for structure.

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=validate

Benefits in CI/CD

Because migrations run automatically and deterministically, every environment converges to the same schema, making deployments predictable and rollbacks easier to reason about.

Quick Check

Test your understanding of Flyway migrations.

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Recap

You learned to version schema changes with Flyway: naming conventions, the history table, immutability of applied scripts, repeatable migrations, and pairing Flyway with JPA validation for reliable deployments.

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常见问题解答

「使用 Flyway 进行数据库迁移」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「使用 Flyway 进行数据库迁移」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 课程共包含 4 节课。

「使用 Flyway 进行数据库迁移」这节课中我会学到什么？

在 Spring Boot 中使用带版本控制的 Flyway 迁移，安全且可重复地管理跨环境的数据库结构变更。你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。

「使用 Flyway 进行数据库迁移」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

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