设计您的第一个 GraphQL 模式
学习定义基本的模式类型和字段，并理解模式定义语言（SDL）。
设计您的第一个 GraphQL 模式 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 课时。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。 你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。 这是 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 课程共包含 4 节课。
本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。
What's a GraphQL Schema?
A GraphQL schema is the blueprint of your API: it defines what data clients can ask for and how it’s structured. It’s the core of every GraphQL service.
Meet SDL: Schema Language
You write schemas in the Schema Definition Language (SDL) — a simple, readable syntax for declaring object types, their fields, and how they relate.
Building Blocks: Object Types
The core building block is the object type, declared with the type keyword. Like a class, it represents a kind of object you can fetch.
type User {
# Fields will go here
}Adding Fields with Scalar Types
Fields hold data via built-in scalar types: String, Int, Float, Boolean, and ID for unique identifiers.
type User {
id: ID
name: String
age: Int
isActive: Boolean
rating: Float
}Essential Data: Non-Null Fields
Add ! after a type to make a field non-null — it must always have a value. Query it and the server must return one or it errors.
type Product {
id: ID!
name: String!
price: Float!
description: String
}Collections: Lists in GraphQL
Wrap a type in [] for a list. Stack the ! too: [String!]! means a non-null list of non-null strings.
type Book {
id: ID!
title: String!
pages: Int
}
type Author {
id: ID!
name: String!
books: [Book] # A list of books, can be empty or null
tags: [String!]! # A list of non-null strings, and the list itself is non-null
}Entry Point: The Query Type
Every schema needs the root Query type — it defines all the entry points for clients to read data. Queries always start here.
type Query {
# Query fields will go here
}Defining Query Fields
Fields on Query are the data you can fetch, and they take arguments to filter — like book(id: ID!): Book to grab one book by id.
type Author {
id: ID!
name: String!
}
type Book {
id: ID!
title: String!
}
type Query {
allAuthors: [Author!]!
bookById(id: ID!): Book
}Your First Complete Schema
Here it all comes together: Author and Book types, a Query entry point, and a Book.author field that links the two. Relationships!
type Author {
id: ID!
name: String!
books: [Book!]! # An author has a list of non-null books
}
type Book {
id: ID!
title: String!
pages: Int
author: Author # A book has one author
}
type Query {
allBooks: [Book!]!
book(id: ID!): Book
allAuthors: [Author!]!
author(id: ID!): Author
}Schema Check-up
What does ! mean, and where does Query fit? Prove it.
Schema Design Recap
You designed a real schema: object types with the type keyword, scalar fields, ! for non-null, [] for lists, and Query as the read entry point.
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在浏览器中编写并运行真实代码，获得全天候 AI 导师的即时帮助，并在网页或应用中继续学习。
- 课程
- 12
- 课程
- 48
常见问题解答
「设计您的第一个 GraphQL 模式」课时是免费的吗？
是的 — 「设计您的第一个 GraphQL 模式」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 课程共包含 4 节课。
「设计您的第一个 GraphQL 模式」这节课中我会学到什么？
学习定义基本的模式类型和字段，并理解模式定义语言（SDL）。 你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。
学习 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 需要有经验吗？
无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。
「设计您的第一个 GraphQL 模式」课时需要多长时间？
大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。
我能在这节 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 课中编写并运行代码吗？
能。每节 GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。
此课程中的所有课时
- 什么是 GraphQL
- 为 GraphQL 设置 Spring Boot
- 设计您的第一个 GraphQL 模式
- GraphQL 与 REST：选择合适的方法