FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp · 课时

后台任务与作业队列

学习如何使用 FastAPI 后台任务和 Celery 等分布式作业队列，将耗时工作从请求处理器中卸载出去。

第 4 / 4 课13 个步骤

后台任务与作业队列 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 课时。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

Why Offload Work?

Some work, like sending email, generating reports, or processing images, is too slow to do inside a request.

Making the user wait hurts latency. Instead, respond fast and do the heavy work in the background.

FastAPI BackgroundTasks

FastAPI ships a lightweight BackgroundTasks tool for work that should run after the response is sent.

from fastapi import BackgroundTasks

def write_log(msg: str):
    with open("log.txt", "a") as f:
        f.write(msg)

@app.post("/signup")
def signup(bg: BackgroundTasks):
    bg.add_task(write_log, "new user")
    return {"ok": True}

Limits of BackgroundTasks

BackgroundTasks runs in the same process. If the server restarts, the work is lost, and it cannot scale across machines.

For durable, distributed work you need a real job queue.

What is a Job Queue?

A job queue stores tasks in a broker such as Redis or RabbitMQ. Separate worker processes pull tasks and execute them, independent of the web server.

Defining a Celery Task

Celery is the most common Python job queue. You decorate a function as a task.

from celery import Celery

celery_app = Celery("tasks", broker="redis://localhost:6379/0")

@celery_app.task
def send_email(to: str):
    # slow work here
    return "sent to " + to

Enqueuing from FastAPI

Trigger the task with .delay(); it returns immediately while a worker runs it later.

@app.post("/notify")
def notify(email: str):
    send_email.delay(email)
    return {"queued": True}

Running Workers

Workers are separate processes you scale independently of the web tier.

celery -A tasks worker --loglevel=info --concurrency=4

Tracking Task Results

With a result backend, you can store and query task status and outcomes.

result = send_email.delay("a@b.com")
print(result.id, result.status)

Retries and Reliability

Job queues can automatically retry failed tasks with backoff, something in-process tasks cannot do.

@celery_app.task(bind=True, max_retries=3)
def process(self, item):
    try:
        do_work(item)
    except Exception as exc:
        raise self.retry(exc=exc, countdown=10)

Scheduling Periodic Jobs

Celery Beat runs tasks on a schedule, like nightly cleanups or hourly syncs.

celery_app.conf.beat_schedule = {
  "cleanup": {"task": "tasks.cleanup", "schedule": 3600.0}
}

Idempotent Tasks

Because a queued task may be retried, design tasks to be idempotent so running them twice causes no harm, for example by checking if the email was already sent.

Quick Check

Test your background work knowledge.

在交互式课程中回答

Recap

You learned to keep request handlers fast:

BackgroundTasks handles simple in-process after-response work
Job queues like Celery give durable, distributed, retryable tasks
Scale workers independently and schedule periodic jobs

Offloading slow work keeps your API responsive under load.

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常见问题解答

「后台任务与作业队列」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「后台任务与作业队列」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 课程共包含 4 节课。

「后台任务与作业队列」这节课中我会学到什么？

学习如何使用 FastAPI 后台任务和 Celery 等分布式作业队列，将耗时工作从请求处理器中卸载出去。你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。

「后台任务与作业队列」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 FastAPI Backend Development Bootcamp 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

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