重定向与重写 URL
了解如何将网络请求重定向到不同的 URL，或根据定义的条件重写 URL 的部分内容
重定向与重写 URL 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 课时。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。 你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。 这是 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 课程共包含 4 节课。
本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。
Intro to URL Magic
Welcome! In this lesson, we'll learn how browser extensions can change where network requests go or how their URLs look.
- Redirecting sends a request to a completely different URL.
- Rewriting modifies parts of the original URL before it's processed.
Both are powerful tools for controlling web traffic using the `declarativeNetRequest` API.
Why Redirect or Rewrite?
Modifying URLs can serve many useful purposes:
- Enforce HTTPS: Automatically upgrade insecure HTTP connections.
- Fix broken links: Redirect old URLs to new ones.
- Clean up URLs: Remove unnecessary tracking parameters.
- Block unwanted content: Redirect specific requests to an empty page.
It helps improve security, privacy, and user experience.
The `redirect` Action Type
To redirect a network request, we use the `redirect` action type in our `declarativeNetRequest` rules. This action specifies a new URL or a pattern to generate one.
Here's a basic structure for a redirect rule:
{
"id": 1,
"priority": 1,
"action": {
"type": "redirect",
"redirect": {
"url": "https://new-example.com"
}
},
"condition": {
"urlFilter": "https://old-example.com/*"
}
}Simple URL Redirect Example
Let's say you want to redirect all requests to an old blog post URL to a new one. This rule tells the browser: 'If you see a request for old-blog.html, send it to new-blog-post.html instead.'
[
{
"id": 1,
"priority": 1,
"action": {
"type": "redirect",
"redirect": {
"url": "https://www.example.com/new-blog-post.html"
}
},
"condition": {
"urlFilter": "https://www.example.com/old-blog.html"
}
}
]Enforcing HTTPS with Redirects
A common use case is to ensure secure connections. You can redirect all HTTP requests for a specific domain to their HTTPS equivalent. This enhances user security by encrypting data.
This rule redirects any HTTP request for example.com to its HTTPS version.
[
{
"id": 2,
"priority": 1,
"action": {
"type": "redirect",
"redirect": {
"transform": {
"scheme": "https"
}
}
},
"condition": {
"urlFilter": "http://example.com/*",
"resourceTypes": ["main_frame", "sub_frame", "script", "image", "stylesheet"]
}
}
]Introducing `regexSubstitution`
Sometimes you don't want to redirect to a fixed URL, but rather modify parts of the original URL. This is where regexSubstitution comes in. It uses regular expressions to match and replace parts of the URL.
The matched parts from the regexFilter in the condition can be referenced in the substitution string using backreferences like \1, \2, etc.
Rewriting URL Paths Example
Imagine you have old URLs like /users/123 and want them to become /profile/123. You can use regexSubstitution to capture the ID and rewrite the path.
This rule captures the number after /users/ and reuses it in the /profile/ path.
[
{
"id": 3,
"priority": 1,
"action": {
"type": "redirect",
"redirect": {
"regexSubstitution": "https://www.example.com/profile/\\1"
}
},
"condition": {
"regexFilter": "^https://www.example.com/users/([0-9]+)$",
"resourceTypes": ["main_frame"]
}
}
]Modifying Query Parameters
regexSubstitution is great for cleaning up query parameters. You might want to remove a specific tracking parameter, like utm_source, from URLs to improve privacy or simplify sharing.
This rule matches URLs with ?utm_source=... and removes that parameter, keeping everything else.
[
{
"id": 4,
"priority": 1,
"action": {
"type": "redirect",
"redirect": {
"regexSubstitution": "\\1"
}
},
"condition": {
"regexFilter": "^(https?://[^?]+)\\?utm_source=[^&]*(?:&(.*))?$",
"resourceTypes": ["main_frame"],
"excludedInitiatorDomains": ["example.com"]
}
}
]Match Patterns & Regular Expressions
Remember, `urlFilter` uses match patterns, which are simpler for basic matches. `regexFilter` requires full regular expressions and is used when you need to capture parts of the URL for `regexSubstitution`.
- Match Patterns: Wildcards like
*, specific schemes/hosts. - Regular Expressions: Powerful pattern matching with groups
()and special characters.
Choose the right tool for the job!
Redirect Challenge
Consider a rule designed to redirect all requests from http://insecure.com to https://secure.com. Which `redirect` action type is best suited for this goal?
Recap: Redirects & Rewrites
Great job! You've learned how to powerfully control network requests:
- Redirects: Send requests to entirely new URLs using `redirect` with a `url`.
- Rewrites: Modify parts of URLs using `redirect` with `transform` or `regexSubstitution`.
- HTTPS enforcement: A practical use of `transform` to upgrade connections.
- URL cleaning: Use `regexSubstitution` to remove or change parameters.
These techniques allow you to enhance security, fix issues, and customize user browsing experiences.
用 AI 导师学习 JavaScript — 免费
在浏览器中编写并运行真实代码，获得全天候 AI 导师的即时帮助，并在网页或应用中继续学习。
- 课程
- 12
- 课程
- 48
常见问题解答
「重定向与重写 URL」课时是免费的吗？
是的 — 「重定向与重写 URL」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 课程共包含 4 节课。
「重定向与重写 URL」这节课中我会学到什么？
了解如何将网络请求重定向到不同的 URL，或根据定义的条件重写 URL 的部分内容 你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge)，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。
学习 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 需要有经验吗？
无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。
「重定向与重写 URL」课时需要多长时间？
大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。
我能在这节 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 课中编写并运行代码吗？
能。每节 Browser Extensions Development (Chrome & Edge) 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。