基于路径的微服务路由
使用 Nginx 位置匹配，将不同 URL 路径路由到单一入口点后的不同后端微服务。
基于路径的微服务路由 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课时。 这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。 你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。 这是 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程共包含 4 节课。
本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。
One Door, Many Services
In a microservice system, clients should hit a single host while Nginx fans requests out to the right service based on the URL path.
This keeps clients simple and hides the internal topology.
The location Directive
Routing decisions live in location blocks. Each matches a path pattern and proxies to a specific upstream.
location /users/ {
proxy_pass http://users-service/;
}
location /orders/ {
proxy_pass http://orders-service/;
}Defining Upstreams
Name each service in an upstream block so locations stay readable and you can scale instances later.
upstream users-service {
server 10.0.0.1:8080;
}
upstream orders-service {
server 10.0.0.2:8080;
}Prefix vs Exact Match
A plain location /path/ is a prefix match. Use = for an exact match, which is faster and avoids accidental overlaps.
location = /health {
return 200 "ok";
}The Trailing Slash Rule
A trailing slash on proxy_pass changes path rewriting. With proxy_pass http://svc/; the matched prefix is stripped; without it the full path is forwarded.
location /users/ {
proxy_pass http://users-service/;
}
# /users/42 -> upstream sees /42Regex Locations
Prefix with ~ for case-sensitive regex matching, useful for routing by file type or dynamic segments.
location ~ ^/api/v[0-9]+/payments {
proxy_pass http://payments-service;
}Matching Priority
Nginx evaluates locations in a defined order: exact =, then literal prefixes, then regex in file order. Understanding this prevents surprising routes.
A Default Catch-All
Add a fallback location to serve a friendly response for unknown paths instead of leaking a default error.
location / {
return 404 "Unknown service";
}Shared Proxy Settings
Keep forwarding headers consistent across all services by including a shared snippet in each location.
location /users/ {
include /etc/nginx/proxy_headers.conf;
proxy_pass http://users-service/;
}Adding a New Service
Onboarding a service is just a new upstream plus a new location, no client changes required, which is the whole point of a gateway.
upstream search-service { server 10.0.0.3:8080; }
location /search/ {
proxy_pass http://search-service/;
}Testing the Routes
After reloading, curl each path and confirm it reaches the intended service.
curl http://localhost/users/42
curl http://localhost/orders/7Quick Check
With location /users/ { proxy_pass http://users-service/; }, what path does the upstream receive for a request to /users/42?
Recap
You built path-based routing to multiple services:
locationblocks map paths to upstreams- Trailing slash on
proxy_passcontrols prefix stripping - Match types: exact
=, prefix, and~regex - A catch-all handles unknown paths
One host now cleanly fronts an entire fleet of microservices.
用 AI 导师学习 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) — 免费
在浏览器中编写并运行真实代码，获得全天候 AI 导师的即时帮助，并在网页或应用中继续学习。
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常见问题解答
「基于路径的微服务路由」课时是免费的吗？
是的 — 「基于路径的微服务路由」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程共包含 4 节课。
「基于路径的微服务路由」这节课中我会学到什么？
使用 Nginx 位置匹配，将不同 URL 路径路由到单一入口点后的不同后端微服务。 你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway)，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。
学习 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 需要有经验吗？
无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。 这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。
「基于路径的微服务路由」课时需要多长时间？
大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。
我能在这节 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课中编写并运行代码吗？
能。每节 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。