API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) · 课时

转发标头与客户端 IP

了解 Nginx 代理请求时如何重写请求标头，以及如何为上游应用保留原始客户端信息。

第 4 / 4 课13 个步骤

转发标头与客户端 IP 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课时。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

Why Headers Matter

When Nginx acts as a reverse proxy, the upstream server only sees a connection coming from Nginx, not the real client. Without extra configuration, the backend loses the visitor's original IP, host, and protocol.

To keep this information, Nginx must forward headers describing the original request.

The Default Host Header

By default Nginx may pass the upstream server's address as the Host header. Many apps rely on the original host for routing or building absolute URLs.

Set it explicitly so the backend sees what the client requested:

location / {
    proxy_pass http://backend;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
}

Preserving the Real Client IP

The X-Real-IP header carries the original client's address so the backend can log or rate-limit by real visitor.

$remote_addr holds the connecting client's IP

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

X-Forwarded-For Chain

X-Forwarded-For is a comma-separated chain of every proxy a request passed through. The variable $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for appends the current client to any existing value.

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

Forwarding the Protocol

If TLS terminates at Nginx, the backend speaks plain HTTP and cannot tell the original scheme. Send X-Forwarded-Proto so it can build correct https URLs and set secure cookies.

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

Putting It Together

A standard reverse-proxy block bundles all four headers. This is the baseline you will reuse across nearly every project.

location / {
    proxy_pass http://backend;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}

Reusing Header Config

Repeating the same headers in every location is error prone. Put them in an include file and pull it in wherever needed.

# /etc/nginx/proxy_headers.conf
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

# in a server/location block:
include /etc/nginx/proxy_headers.conf;

Trusting Forwarded Headers Safely

Clients can spoof X-Forwarded-For. Only trust it from known proxies. Use the real_ip module to set the true client IP from trusted upstreams.

set_real_ip_from 10.0.0.0/8;
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
real_ip_recursive on;

Removing or Clearing Headers

You can strip a header by setting it to an empty string. This is useful to hide internal headers from upstream or to prevent leaking server identity.

proxy_set_header X-Powered-By "";
proxy_hide_header X-Powered-By;

Passing Custom Headers

You can inject your own headers to give the backend extra context, such as a tag identifying which gateway handled the request.

proxy_set_header X-Gateway-Node "edge-1";
proxy_set_header X-Request-Start $msec;

Verifying the Result

Test from a backend that echoes headers (or use an inspector endpoint). You should see X-Real-IP matching your machine and X-Forwarded-Proto matching the scheme you used.

curl -H "Host: example.com" http://localhost/headers

Quick Check

Which Nginx variable appends the current client to an existing forwarding chain?

在交互式课程中回答

Recap

You learned how Nginx rewrites requests and how to keep client context intact:

Host preserves the requested domain
X-Real-IP and X-Forwarded-For carry the client IP
X-Forwarded-Proto reports the original scheme
Use real_ip and trusted ranges to avoid spoofing

These headers are the foundation of a transparent, secure reverse proxy.

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常见问题解答

「转发标头与客户端 IP」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「转发标头与客户端 IP」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程共包含 4 节课。

「转发标头与客户端 IP」这节课中我会学到什么？

了解 Nginx 代理请求时如何重写请求标头，以及如何为上游应用保留原始客户端信息。你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway)，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。

「转发标头与客户端 IP」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 API Gateway & Reverse Proxy (Nginx + Spring Cloud Gateway) 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

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