พูลสภาพคล่อง

A liquidity pool is the reserve of two (or more) tokens locked in an AMM smart contract that traders swap against.

Without liquidity there is nothing to trade against, so pools are the foundation of every DEX.

A liquidity provider deposits tokens into a pool to enable trading and earn a share of the fees.

Anyone can become an LP — you simply supply both tokens of the pair in the correct ratio.

You must add both tokens proportional to the current reserves so you do not shift the price.

If the pool is 1 ETH : 2000 USDC, you deposit in that same ratio.

In return for your deposit, the pool mints LP tokens representing your share of the reserves.

Burning your LP tokens later lets you withdraw your portion plus accrued fees.

Every swap pays a fee that stays in the pool. As fees accumulate, the value backing each LP token grows.

Your earnings are proportional to your share and the pool's trading volume.

Impermanent loss is the opportunity cost an LP suffers when the two tokens diverge in price compared to simply holding them.

The AMM rebalances the pool as prices move, leaving you with more of the falling asset and less of the rising one.

The loss is impermanent because it disappears if prices return to their original ratio. It only becomes real when you withdraw at a diverged price.

Fees earned can offset or exceed impermanent loss, which is why high-volume pools remain attractive.

Pools of similar assets (USDC/DAI) barely diverge in price, so impermanent loss is minimal.

This is why stablecoin pools on protocols like Curve are popular with conservative LPs.

The more liquidity a pool holds, the less each trade moves the price. Deep pools offer low slippage and attract more volume.

More volume means more fees, which attracts more liquidity — a reinforcing cycle.

To bootstrap a new pool, protocols often offer liquidity mining: extra reward tokens on top of trading fees.

These incentives jump-start liquidity but can fade once rewards end, so LPs must weigh long-term viability.

Liquidity pools let anyone supply token pairs, receive LP tokens, and earn fees. The trade-off is impermanent loss when prices diverge, partially offset by fees and incentives.

Next we build a simple swap to see the mechanics in code.

You learned that:

• LPs deposit token pairs and receive LP tokens
• They earn a share of trading fees
• Impermanent loss arises when prices diverge
• Deep pools mean low slippage; incentives bootstrap liquidity

Next: coding a basic swap.