withTimeout และ withTimeoutOrNull

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    try {
        withTimeout(200) {
            delay(1000)  // simulates slow network
            println("This never prints")
        }
    } catch (e: TimeoutCancellationException) {
        println("Timed out!")
    }
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
suspend fun fetchData(): String {
    delay(100)
    return "data"
}
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val result = withTimeout(500) {
        fetchData()
    }
    println(result) // data
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val result: String? = withTimeoutOrNull(200) {
        delay(1000)
        "done"
    }
    println(result ?: "Timeout — using default")
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val response = withTimeoutOrNull(500) {
        delay(100)
        mapOf("status" to 200, "body" to "OK")
    }
    println(response?.get("status")) // 200
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    withTimeoutOrNull(1000) {       // global
        withTimeoutOrNull(200) {    // per-call
            delay(300)
            println("inner done")  // won't print
        } ?: println("Inner timed out")
        delay(100)
        println("outer still running")
    }
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val job = launch {
        try {
            withTimeout(100) { delay(1000) }
        } catch (e: TimeoutCancellationException) {
            println("Caught in child: ${e.message}")
        }
    }
    job.join()
    println("Parent still running: ${isActive}")
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val result = withTimeoutOrNull(150) {
        try {
            println("Opening resource")
            delay(300)
            "result"
        } finally {
            println("Closing resource") // always runs
        }
    }
    println("Result: $result")
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
suspend fun tryFetch(attempt: Int): String? = withTimeoutOrNull(200) {
    delay(if (attempt < 3) 300L else 100L) // fails first 2 attempts
    "success on attempt $attempt"
}
fun main() = runBlocking {
    var result: String? = null
    var attempt = 1
    while (result == null) {
        result = tryFetch(attempt++)
    }
    println(result)
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
// Pseudocode pattern:
suspend fun loadUser(): String = withTimeoutOrNull(3000) {
    // repo.getUser()
    delay(100)
    "Alice"
} ?: "Timeout — using cached data"
fun main() = runBlocking { println(loadUser()) }

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
// In unit tests with runTest:
// runTest {
//     withTimeout(1000) {
//         delay(999)  // virtual time — completes instantly
//         println("done")
//     }
// }
fun main() = runBlocking {
    println("Use runTest for virtual-time timeout testing")
}

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    // Mandatory: throw on timeout
    // withTimeout(500) { criticalOp() }

    // Optional: null on timeout
    val cached = withTimeoutOrNull(50) {
        delay(200); "fresh"
    } ?: "stale"
    println(cached)
}