การสร้างและต่อท้ายองค์ประกอบ

const btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.textContent = 'Click Me';
btn.classList.add('btn-primary');
btn.setAttribute('type', 'button');
// btn is in memory, not yet in the page

const list = document.querySelector('ul');
const item = document.createElement('li');
item.textContent = 'New item';
list.append(item); // adds to end of list

const header = document.querySelector('.card-header');
const icon = document.createElement('img');
icon.src = 'icon.svg';
header.prepend(icon); // icon goes before all other children

const divider = document.createElement('hr');
header.after(divider); // divider goes after the header

const container = document.querySelector('.list');
container.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `
  <li class="item">
    <span class="name">Alice</span>
  </li>
`);
// Still avoid with user input — XSS risk

const template = document.querySelector('.card-template');
const clone = template.cloneNode(true);
clone.querySelector('.card-title').textContent = 'New Card';
container.append(clone);

const item = document.querySelector('.to-delete');
item.remove(); // clean modern syntax

const old = document.querySelector('.old-banner');
const fresh = document.createElement('div');
fresh.className = 'new-banner';
fresh.textContent = 'Updated!';
old.replaceWith(fresh);

const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
users.forEach(user => {
  const li = document.createElement('li');
  li.textContent = user.name;
  fragment.append(li);
});
// One DOM write:
document.querySelector('ul').append(fragment);

<template id="card-tpl">
  <div class="card">
    <h3 class="card-title"></h3>
    <p class="card-body"></p>
  </div>
</template>

// Property (preferred for standard HTML attributes):
img.src = '/photo.webp';
link.href = '/about';

// setAttribute (for ARIA and custom attributes):
button.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
div.setAttribute('data-index', '3');

// DANGEROUS:
container.innerHTML = `<p>${userComment}</p>`;

// SAFE:
const p = document.createElement('p');
p.textContent = userComment;
container.append(p);