async/await และการจัดการข้อผิดพลาด

async function fetchUser(id) {
  // implicitly returns a Promise
  return { id, name: 'Alice' };
}

// Equivalent to:
function fetchUser(id) {
  return Promise.resolve({ id, name: 'Alice' });
}

async function loadProfile(id) {
  const user = await fetchUser(id);     // waits for Promise
  const posts = await fetchPosts(user.id); // waits again
  return { user, posts };
}

// Sequential (slow if tasks are independent):
const user = await fetchUser(id);
const settings = await fetchSettings(id); // waits for user unnecessarily

// Parallel (fast):
const [user, settings] = await Promise.all([
  fetchUser(id),
  fetchSettings(id),
]);

async function saveUser(data) {
  try {
    const response = await fetch('/api/users', {
      method: 'POST',
      body: JSON.stringify(data),
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
    });
    if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Server error ${response.status}`);
    return await response.json();
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('Save failed:', err.message);
    throw err; // re-throw so caller can handle
  }
}

// module.js (ES module)
const config = await fetch('/config.json').then(r => r.json());
export const API_URL = config.apiUrl;

// WRONG — forEach doesn't await:
items.forEach(async (item) => {
  await processItem(item); // runs but forEach doesn't wait
});

// CORRECT — sequential:
for (const item of items) {
  await processItem(item);
}

// CORRECT — parallel:
await Promise.all(items.map(item => processItem(item)));

class NetworkError extends Error {
  constructor(message, status) {
    super(message);
    this.name = 'NetworkError';
    this.status = status;
  }
}

try {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new NetworkError(`Failed`, res.status);
} catch (err) {
  if (err instanceof NetworkError && err.status === 401) {
    redirectToLogin();
  } else {
    throw err;
  }
}

async function loadData() {
  setLoading(true);
  try {
    const data = await fetch('/api/data').then(r => r.json());
    setData(data);
  } catch (err) {
    setError(err.message);
  } finally {
    setLoading(false); // always runs
  }
}

(async () => {
  const data = await fetchInitialData();
  renderApp(data);
})();

const controller = new AbortController();

try {
  const data = await fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal }).then(r => r.json());
  setData(data);
} catch (err) {
  if (err.name !== 'AbortError') setError(err.message);
}

// Cancel:
controller.abort();