Hantaran Mengikut Nilai dalam Java

public class Main {
  static void inc(int x) {
    x = x + 1; // modifies the local copy only
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int a = 5;
    inc(a);
    System.out.println("a after inc(a) = " + a); // still 5
  }
}

public class Main {
  static class Box { int n; }
  static void setTo999(Box b) { b.n = 999; } // mutate via copied reference
  static void reassign(Box b) { b = new Box(); b.n = 123; } // reassign local copy only
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Box bx = new Box();
    bx.n = 10;
    setTo999(bx);
    System.out.println("after setTo999: bx.n = " + bx.n); // 999
    reassign(bx);
    System.out.println("after reassign: bx.n = " + bx.n); // still 999
  }
}

public class Main {
  static void fillZero(int[] a) {
    for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i = i + 1) a[i] = 0; // mutate caller array
  }
  static void replace(int[] a) {
    a = new int[] {9, 9, 9}; // reassign local copy of the reference
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
    fillZero(arr);
    System.out.println("after fillZero: " + arr[0] + "," + arr[1] + "," + arr[2]); // 0,0,0
    replace(arr);
    System.out.println("after replace:  " + arr[0] + "," + arr[1] + "," + arr[2]); // still 0,0,0
  }
}

public class Main {
  static void tryChangeString(String s) {
    s = s + "!"; // new String; original unchanged
  }
  static void changeBuilder(StringBuilder sb) {
    sb.append("!"); // mutates same object
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String s = "hi";
    tryChangeString(s);
    System.out.println("after tryChangeString: " + s); // "hi"

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("hi");
    changeBuilder(sb);
    System.out.println("after changeBuilder:  " + sb.toString()); // "hi!"
  }
}

public class Main {
  static void trySwap(int a, int b) {
    int t = a; a = b; b = t; // swaps local copies only
  }
  static int[] swap(int a, int b) {
    return new int[] { b, a }; // return results to the caller
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int x = 1, y = 2;
    trySwap(x, y);
    System.out.println("after trySwap: x=" + x + ", y=" + y); // 1,2
    int[] res = swap(x, y);
    x = res[0]; y = res[1];
    System.out.println("after swap:    x=" + x + ", y=" + y); // 2,1
  }
}