Pengendalian Ralat dan Aliran Kerja HTTP Async

CompletableFuture<String> safe = fetchUser(id)
    .thenApply(User::getName)
    .exceptionally(ex -> {
        log.warn("Fetch failed: " + ex.getMessage());
        return "Anonymous";
    });
System.out.println(safe.join()); // "Anonymous" if fetch failed

fetchUser(id).handle((user, ex) -> {
    if (ex != null) return UserDto.empty();
    return UserDto.from(user);
}).thenAccept(dto -> sendResponse(dto));

fetchUser(id)
    .whenComplete((user, ex) -> {
        if (ex != null) metrics.increment("user.fetch.error");
        else            metrics.increment("user.fetch.success");
    })
    .thenAccept(u -> sendResponse(u));

CompletableFuture<String> withRetry(Supplier<CompletableFuture<String>> task, int retries) {
    return task.get().exceptionallyCompose(ex -> {
        if (retries > 0) {
            System.out.println("Retrying... " + retries);
            return withRetry(task, retries - 1);
        }
        return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(ex);
    });
}

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
HttpRequest req = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
    .uri(URI.create("https://api.example.com/users/1"))
    .build();
CompletableFuture<String> body = client
    .sendAsync(req, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString())
    .thenApply(HttpResponse::body);

client.sendAsync(userReq, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString())
    .thenApply(r -> parseUser(r.body()))
    .thenCompose(user -> client.sendAsync(
        buildOrdersRequest(user.getId()),
        HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()))
    .thenApply(r -> parseOrders(r.body()))
    .thenAccept(orders -> System.out.println("Orders: " + orders.size()));

List<URI> endpoints = List.of(uri1, uri2, uri3);
List<CompletableFuture<String>> requests = endpoints.stream()
    .map(uri -> client.sendAsync(
            HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build(),
            HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString())
        .thenApply(HttpResponse::body))
    .collect(Collectors.toList());
List<String> responses = CompletableFuture
    .allOf(requests.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0]))
    .thenApply(v -> requests.stream().map(CompletableFuture::join).collect(Collectors.toList()))
    .join();

CompletableFuture<String> result = client
    .sendAsync(req, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString())
    .orTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .thenApply(HttpResponse::body)
    .exceptionally(ex -> "timeout or error");

.thenApply(response -> {
    if (response.statusCode() != 200)
        throw new HttpResponseException(response.statusCode());
    return response.body();
})

fetchData()
    .whenComplete((r, ex) -> { if (ex != null) log.error("Failed", ex); })
    .exceptionally(ex -> fallback())
    .thenAccept(result -> process(result));