구조적 동시성, 비동기 함수

// Simulate a short async delay, then return a value
func fetchNumber() async -> Int {
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 200_000_000) // ~200ms
    return 42
}

// Call sites must use "await" from an async context or a Task
Task {
    let n = await fetchNumber()
    print("Fetched:", n)  // 42
}

func greet(after seconds: Double) async -> String {
    let ns = UInt64(seconds * 1_000_000_000)
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: ns)
    return "Hello after \(Int(seconds))s"
}

Task {
    print(await greet(after: 1.0))
    print("Back on the same task after await.")
}

// Run child tasks concurrently within the same scope
func fetchUser() async -> String { "Ana" }
func fetchScore() async -> Int { 90 }

Task {
    async let name = fetchUser()
    async let score = fetchScore()
    // Both start immediately; await joins them before use
    let summary = await "\(name): \(score)"
    print(summary) // "Ana: 90"
    // Scope ends -> child tasks are awaited automatically (structured)
}

// Parent Task encapsulates children lifetimes
func loadProfile() async -> String {
    async let name = fetchUser()
    async let score = fetchScore()
    return await "\(name) (\(score))"
}

Task {
    let profile = await loadProfile()
    print(profile) // e.g., "Ana (90)"
    // loadProfile does not return until its children are done
}