Windowsフォレンジックアーティファクト：レジストリ、イベントログ、Prefetch

# Key forensic Registry locations
# Persistence (autorun) locations:
# HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
# HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
# HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services  (services/drivers)

# Recently accessed files (user activity):
# HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RecentDocs
# HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU

# USB devices ever connected:
# HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\USBSTOR

# Examine autorun keys (PowerShell)
Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run'
Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run'

# Look for entries pointing to unusual paths:
# 'svchost32' = 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\evil.exe'
# vs legitimate:
# 'SecurityHealth' = '%windir%\system32\SecurityHealthSystray.exe'

# Autoruns.exe (Sysinternals) shows ALL autostart locations

# Query Security event log for failed logins (PowerShell)
Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName='Security'; Id=4625} |
  Select-Object TimeCreated, Message |
  Where-Object { $_.TimeCreated -gt (Get-Date).AddDays(-7) }

# Key Security Event IDs for forensics:
# 4624: Successful logon (logon type matters!)
# 4625: Failed logon
# 4634/4647: Logoff
# 4720: User account created
# 4732: Member added to security-enabled group
# 1102: Audit log cleared (attacker cleanup!)

# PowerShell: Find RDP logons (Type 10) from external IPs
Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName='Security'; Id=4624} |
  Where-Object {
    $msg = $_.Message
    $msg -match 'Logon Type:\s+10' -and
    $msg -match 'Source Network Address:\s+(?!192\.168|10\.|172\.1[6-9]|172\.2[0-9]|172\.3[0-1])'
  } |
  Select-Object TimeCreated, Message

# List Prefetch files with last run times (PowerShell)
Get-ChildItem C:\Windows\Prefetch\*.pf |
  Select-Object Name, LastWriteTime, Length |
  Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending

# Parse with PECmd (Eric Zimmerman's tool) for full details:
PECmd.exe -d C:\Windows\Prefetch --csv C:\forensics\prefetch_output

# Output shows: executable path, last 8 run times, run count,
# files and directories accessed during execution

# Parse ShimCache with AppCompatCacheParser.exe (Eric Zimmerman)
AppCompatCacheParser.exe --csv C:\forensics

# Parse Amcache with AmcacheParser.exe
AmcacheParser.exe -f C:\Windows\AppCompat\Programs\Amcache.hve \
  --csv C:\forensics

# Look for executables in unusual locations:
# C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Temp\*.exe
# C:\Users\username\Downloads\*.exe
# C:\ProgramData\*.exe (malware staging area)

# SIEM query: detect PsExec lateral movement pattern
# Source system: Event 4648 (explicit creds)
# Target system: Event 4624 Type 3 + Event 7045 (PSEXESVC service)

# PowerShell: find PSEXESVC service creation (attacker lateral movement)
Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName='System'; Id=7045} |
  Where-Object { $_.Message -match 'PSEXESVC' } |
  Select-Object TimeCreated, Message

# Analyze the MFT to find deleted files
# Using Autopsy or The Sleuth Kit (tsk)
fls -r /forensics/disk.img | grep '\*'  # deleted files marked with *

# Recover a specific deleted file by inode number
icat /forensics/disk.img 12345 > /forensics/recovered_file
sha256sum /forensics/recovered_file

# Parse MFT with MFTECmd.exe (Eric Zimmerman)
MFTECmd.exe -f C:\$MFT --csv C:\forensics\mft_output

# Browser artifact locations (Windows)
# Chrome history database:
# %LOCALAPPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\History
# (SQLite database)

# Parse with sqlite3
sqlite3 History 'SELECT url, title, last_visit_time FROM urls ORDER BY last_visit_time DESC LIMIT 50'

# Firefox places.db (SQLite):
# %APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\*.default\places.sqlite

# BrowsingHistoryView.exe (Nirsoft) parses all browsers at once