GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot · Pelajaran

Menerapkan Pembaruan Waktu Nyata

Kembangkan penyelesai subscription di Spring Boot untuk menerbitkan peristiwa dan mengirim data langsung kepada klien.

Pelajaran 2 dari 411 langkah

Menerapkan Pembaruan Waktu Nyata adalah pelajaran GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot gratis di CoddyKit. Ini adalah pelajaran 2 dari 4. Kamu bisa membaca pelajaran lengkapnya di bawah secara gratis — lalu praktikkan langsung di browser dengan editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7. Ini adalah bagian dari jalur belajar GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot, dan progresmu tersinkronisasi di web dan aplikasi CoddyKit. Kursus GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Bagian dari pelajaran ini belum diterjemahkan dan ditampilkan dalam bahasa Inggris.

Subscription Resolvers Explained

Subscriptions deliver real-time updates. Unlike queries that return data once, subscription resolvers return a stream of data that continuously pushes updates to clients.

We'll learn how to implement these streams in a Spring Boot GraphQL application.

Embracing Reactor Flux

Spring GraphQL leverages Project Reactor's Flux to handle subscriptions. A Flux represents an asynchronous, non-blocking stream of 0 to N items.

It's ideal for continuous data delivery.
You can emit multiple values over time.

Schema for Real-time Updates

First, we define our subscription in the GraphQL Schema Definition Language (SDL). This example shows a subscription for new messages:

type Subscription {
  messageAdded(channelId: ID!): Message
}

type Message {
  id: ID!
  text: String!
  channelId: ID!
  timestamp: String!
}

Creating a Subscription Resolver

In Spring Boot, a subscription resolver is a method annotated with @SubscriptionMapping. It must return a Flux of the desired type.

We'll use a Sinks.Many to manage and publish events into this stream.

import org.springframework.graphql.data.method.annotation.SubscriptionMapping;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Sinks;

@Controller
public class MessageSubscriptionController {

    private final Sinks.Many<Message> messageSink = 
        Sinks.many().multicast().onBackpressureBuffer();

    @SubscriptionMapping
    public Flux<Message> messageAdded() {
        return messageSink.asFlux();
    }
}

Publishing Events with Sinks.Many

The Sinks.Many instance acts as our event publisher. When an event occurs (e.g., a new message is created), we use its tryEmitNext() method to send data into the stream.

This data then flows through the Flux to all connected GraphQL subscribers.

public class MessageService {

    private final Sinks.Many<Message> messageSink;

    public MessageService(Sinks.Many<Message> messageSink) {
        this.messageSink = messageSink;
    }

    public Message createMessage(String text, String channelId) {
        // ... save message to DB ...
        Message newMessage = new Message("1", text, channelId, "now");
        messageSink.tryEmitNext(newMessage); // Publish the new message
        return newMessage;
    }
}

Full Runnable Example Setup

Let's build a complete, runnable Spring Boot application. We'll define a Message record and a MessagePublisher component to manage our Sinks.Many.

record Message(String id, String text, String channelId, String timestamp) {}

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Sinks;

@Component
public class MessagePublisher {
    private final Sinks.Many<Message> messageSink = 
        Sinks.many().multicast().onBackpressureBuffer();

    public Flux<Message> getMessageStream() {
        return messageSink.asFlux();
    }

    public void publishMessage(Message message) {
        messageSink.tryEmitNext(message);
    }
}

Main Application & Resolver

Now, we connect our MessagePublisher to the @SubscriptionMapping resolver. The Main class simulates sending a message after a delay.

Run this example to see the server-side publishing in action!

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.graphql.data.method.annotation.SubscriptionMapping;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.time.Duration;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Main implements CommandLineRunner {

    @Autowired
    private MessagePublisher messagePublisher;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        // Simulate sending a message after 2 seconds
        Mono.delay(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
            .subscribe(l -> {
                Message msg = new Message("2", "Hello from Spring!", "general", "now");
                messagePublisher.publishMessage(msg);
                System.out.println("Published: " + msg);
            });
    }
}

@Controller
class MessageSubscriptionController {
    private final MessagePublisher messagePublisher;

    public MessageSubscriptionController(MessagePublisher messagePublisher) {
        this.messagePublisher = messagePublisher;
    }

    @SubscriptionMapping
    public Flux<Message> messageAdded() {
        return messagePublisher.getMessageStream();
    }
}

record Message(String id, String text, String channelId, String timestamp) {}

Filtering Subscription Events

Clients often need updates specific to certain criteria. We can filter the Flux based on arguments passed to the subscription.

Here, clients only receive messages for a specified channelId.

import org.springframework.graphql.data.method.annotation.Argument;
// ... other imports ...

@Controller
class MessageSubscriptionController {
    private final MessagePublisher messagePublisher;

    public MessageSubscriptionController(MessagePublisher messagePublisher) {
        this.messagePublisher = messagePublisher;
    }

    @SubscriptionMapping
    public Flux<Message> messageAdded(@Argument String channelId) {
        return messagePublisher.getMessageStream()
            .filter(msg -> msg.channelId().equals(channelId));
    }
}

Decoupling Event Publishing

For better architecture, it's a good practice to decouple event publishing from your core business logic.

This keeps your services clean and focused.
It allows multiple independent subscribers to react to the same event without tight coupling.
Consider using Spring's ApplicationEventPublisher or a dedicated event bus for this.

Subscription Resolver Check

You've learned how to implement subscription resolvers in Spring Boot. Let's test your understanding!

Jawab di pelajaran interaktif

Recap: Real-time Updates

You've successfully learned how to implement real-time updates using GraphQL subscriptions in Spring Boot!

Subscription resolvers return a Flux.
Sinks.Many is used to publish events into the Flux.
You can filter streams based on subscription arguments.
Decoupling publishing logic improves maintainability.

Gratis untuk memulai

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Kursus: 12
Pelajaran: 48

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Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan

Apakah pelajaran “Menerapkan Pembaruan Waktu Nyata” gratis?

Ya — teks lengkap “Menerapkan Pembaruan Waktu Nyata” gratis dibaca di sini di web. Untuk praktiknya secara interaktif (editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7) dan buka sisa kursus GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot, upgrade ke CoddyKit PRO. Kursus GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Apa yang akan aku pelajari di “Menerapkan Pembaruan Waktu Nyata”?

Kembangkan penyelesai subscription di Spring Boot untuk menerbitkan peristiwa dan mengirim data langsung kepada klien. Kamu berlatih GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot dengan kode praktik yang langsung kamu jalankan di browser, dan tutor AI 24/7 menjawab pertanyaanmu saat kamu mengerjakan pelajaran ini.

Apakah aku perlu pengalaman untuk memulai GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot?

Tidak diperlukan pengalaman sebelumnya. GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot di CoddyKit dirancang untuk pemula hingga pelajar tingkat lanjut, jadi kamu bisa memulai di sini atau dari awal dan belajar sesuai kecepatan kamu sendiri. Ini adalah pelajaran 2 dari 4.

Berapa lama pelajaran “Menerapkan Pembaruan Waktu Nyata” memakan waktu?

Sebagian besar pelajaran CoddyKit memakan waktu sekitar 5–10 menit. Setiap pelajaran ringkas dan interaktif, jadi kamu membuat kemajuan stabil dan melanjutkan dari tempat kamu tinggalkan di web dan aplikasi.

Bisakah aku menulis dan menjalankan kode dalam pelajaran GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot ini?

Ya. Setiap pelajaran GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot menyertakan editor kode bawaan, jadi kamu menulis dan menjalankan kode nyata langsung di browser dan mendapatkan umpan balik AI instan — tidak diperlukan penyiapan lokal.

Semua pelajaran dalam kursus ini

Memahami Subscription GraphQL
Menerapkan Pembaruan Waktu Nyata
Mengintegrasikan WebSockets dengan Spring
Pemfilteran dan Penskalaan Langganan

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