Men-debug pengujian yang gagal

using System;

// Demo: occasionally fails because it depends on current second and default Random()
public static class Promo
{
  // Gives bonus on even seconds; random adds small jitter
  public static int BonusNow()
  {
    int baseBonus = (DateTime.UtcNow.Second % 2 == 0) ? 10 : 9;
    Random r = new Random(); // time-based seed → unpredictable
    return baseBonus + (r.Next(0, 2)); // 0 or 1 more
  }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    // Simulated test: sometimes expects exactly 10, but result varies
    int got = Promo.BonusNow();
    if (got != 10) Console.WriteLine("FAIL (flaky): expected 10 but got " + got);
    else Console.WriteLine("PASS (maybe): got " + got);
  }
}

using System;

public interface IClock { DateTime NowUtc(); }
public sealed class FakeClock : IClock
{
  private readonly DateTime _fixedUtc;
  public FakeClock(DateTime fixedUtc) { _fixedUtc = fixedUtc; }
  public DateTime NowUtc() { return _fixedUtc; }
}

public sealed class PromoDeterministic
{
  private readonly IClock _clock;
  private readonly Random _rng;
  public PromoDeterministic(IClock clock, Random rng) { _clock = clock; _rng = rng; }

  public int BonusNow()
  {
    int baseBonus = (_clock.NowUtc().Second % 2 == 0) ? 10 : 9;
    return baseBonus + _rng.Next(0, 2);
  }
}

public static class Assert
{
  public static void AreEqual(int expected, int actual, string msg)
  {
    if (expected != actual) throw new Exception("Expected " + expected + " but got " + actual + " :: " + msg);
  }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    try
    {
      IClock clock = new FakeClock(new DateTime(2016, 1, 1, 0, 0, 20, DateTimeKind.Utc)); // even second
      Random rng = new Random(123); // fixed seed
      PromoDeterministic p = new PromoDeterministic(clock, rng);

      int got = p.BonusNow(); // predictable now
      Assert.AreEqual(10, got, "even second, first draw should be 0");
      Console.WriteLine("PASS: deterministic promo");
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("FAIL: " + ex.Message);
    }
  }
}

using System;

// Buggy function: average of ints, but divides by count without guarding empty input
public static class Stats
{
  public static double Average(int[] xs)
  {
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < xs.Length; i++) sum += xs[i];
    return sum / xs.Length; // BUG: divide by zero if empty; also int division truncates
  }
}

public static class Assert
{
  public static void Throws<T>(Action a, string msg) where T : Exception
  {
    try { a(); }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
      if (ex is T) return;
      throw new Exception("Expected " + typeof(T).Name + " but got " + ex.GetType().Name + " :: " + msg);
    }
    throw new Exception("Expected " + typeof(T).Name + " but no exception thrown :: " + msg);
  }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    // Minimal failing case: empty array
    Assert.Throws<DivideByZeroException>(delegate { Stats.Average(new int[0]); }, "empty input");
    Console.WriteLine("Reproduced: empty input triggers the bug.");
  }
}

using System;

public static class Stats
{
  public static double Average(int[] xs)
  {
    if (xs == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("xs");
    if (xs.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException("xs must not be empty", "xs");

    double sum = 0.0; // use double to avoid integer truncation
    for (int i = 0; i < xs.Length; i++) sum += xs[i];
    return sum / xs.Length;
  }
}

public static class Assert
{
  public static void AreAlmostEqual(double expected, double actual, double eps, string msg)
  {
    if (Math.Abs(expected - actual) > eps)
      throw new Exception("Expected " + expected + " but got " + actual + " (eps " + eps + ") :: " + msg);
  }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    try
    {
      double a = Stats.Average(new int[] { 2, 4, 6 });
      Assert.AreAlmostEqual(4.0, a, 1e-9, "average of 2,4,6");

      Console.WriteLine("PASS: fixed average with clear message");
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("FAIL: " + ex.Message);
    }
  }
}