unknown का प्रकार-सुरक्षित प्रबंधन

function describe(v: unknown): string {
  if (typeof v === 'string') return 'string: ' + v;
  if (typeof v === 'number') return 'number: ' + v;
  return 'other';
}
console.log(describe('hi'), describe(7), describe(true));

function double(v: unknown): number {
  if (typeof v === 'number') {
    return v * 2; // v is number here
  }
  return 0;
}
console.log(double(21), double('no'));

function handle(v: unknown): string {
  if (v instanceof Date) {
    return v.toISOString(); // v is Date
  }
  return 'not a date';
}
console.log(handle(new Date(0)));

function getName(v: unknown): string {
  if (typeof v === 'object' && v !== null && 'name' in v) {
    return String((v as { name: unknown }).name);
  }
  return 'anonymous';
}
console.log(getName({ name: 'Ada' }), getName(5));

function isString(v: unknown): v is string {
  return typeof v === 'string';
}

function shout(v: unknown): string {
  return isString(v) ? v.toUpperCase() : '?';
}
console.log(shout('hey'), shout(9));

type User = { id: number; name: string };

function isUser(v: unknown): v is User {
  return typeof v === 'object' && v !== null &&
    'id' in v && 'name' in v;
}
console.log(isUser({ id: 1, name: 'Sam' }), isUser({}));

function parseConfig(text: string): unknown {
  return JSON.parse(text);
}
const raw = parseConfig('{"port":8080}');
console.log(typeof raw);

type Config = { port: number };

function isConfig(v: unknown): v is Config {
  return typeof v === 'object' && v !== null &&
    'port' in v && typeof (v as any).port === 'number';
}

const data: unknown = JSON.parse('{"port":8080}');
if (isConfig(data)) console.log('Port:', data.port);

function process(v: unknown): string {
  if (Array.isArray(v)) {
    if (v.every((x) => typeof x === 'string')) {
      return v.join('-');
    }
  }
  return 'invalid';
}
console.log(process(['a', 'b']), process([1, 2]));

function asNumber(v: unknown): number {
  if (typeof v === 'number') return v;
  throw new Error('Expected a number');
}
console.log(asNumber(42));
try { asNumber('x'); } catch (e) { console.log('rejected'); }

type Point = { x: number; y: number };
function isPoint(v: unknown): v is Point {
  return typeof v === 'object' && v !== null &&
    'x' in v && 'y' in v;
}
const input: unknown = { x: 1, y: 2 };
if (isPoint(input)) console.log(input.x + input.y);

function isNonEmpty(v: unknown): v is string {
  return typeof v === 'string' && v.length > 0;
}
console.log(isNonEmpty('hi'), isNonEmpty(''));