जेनेरिक कंपोनेंट और forwardRef

interface ButtonProps {
  label: string;
  onClick: () => void;
  disabled?: boolean;
}

function Button({ label, onClick, disabled }: ButtonProps) {
  return <button onClick={onClick} disabled={disabled}>{label}</button>;
}

const Card: React.FC<{title: string}> = ({ title }) => <div>{title}</div>;

// Or explicit:
function Card2({ title }: { title: string }): JSX.Element {
  return <div>{title}</div>;
}

const [count, setCount] = useState(0);           // number
const [name, setName] = useState('');            // string
const [user, setUser] = useState<User | null>(null); // explicit

type Action = { type: 'increment' } | { type: 'decrement' } | { type: 'reset'; value: number };
function reducer(state: number, action: Action): number {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'increment': return state + 1;
    case 'decrement': return state - 1;
    case 'reset': return action.value;
  }
}

const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);

// Use:
if (inputRef.current) {
  inputRef.current.focus();
}

function handleChange(e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) {
  console.log(e.target.value);
}
function handleClick(e: React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) {
  e.preventDefault();
}

function List<T extends { id: number }>({ items }: { items: T[] }) {
  return <ul>{items.map(i => <li key={i.id}>{JSON.stringify(i)}</li>)}</ul>;
}

const Input = React.forwardRef<HTMLInputElement, InputProps>(
  ({ label, ...props }, ref) => (
    <label>{label}<input {...props} ref={ref} /></label>
  )
);

function useToggle(init: boolean): [boolean, () => void] {
  const [state, setState] = useState(init);
  return [state, () => setState(s => !s)];
}

const AuthContext = React.createContext<User | undefined>(undefined);
function useAuth(): User {
  const ctx = useContext(AuthContext);
  if (!ctx) throw new Error('useAuth must be used within AuthProvider');
  return ctx;
}