अनाम फ़ंक्शन और क्लोज़र

<?php
$double = function(int $n): int {
    return $n * 2;
};

echo $double(5);   // 10
echo $double(21);  // 42

<?php
$nums = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9];

$squared = array_map(function(int $n): int {
    return $n ** 2;
}, $nums);

print_r($squared); // [9, 1, 16, 1, 25, 81]

<?php
function makeMultiplier(int $factor): Closure {
    return function(int $n) use ($factor): int {
        return $n * $factor;
    };
}

$triple  = makeMultiplier(3);
$tenX    = makeMultiplier(10);

echo $triple(5);   // 15
echo $tenX(5);     // 50

<?php
$taxRate = 0.18;

$addTax = function(float $price) use ($taxRate): float {
    return $price * (1 + $taxRate);
};

$taxRate = 0.20;  // change outer variable
echo $addTax(100); // 118 — captured value at creation time

<?php
$count = 0;

$increment = function() use (&$count): void {
    $count++;
};

$increment();
$increment();
echo $count;  // 2

<?php
$rate = 1.18;
$prices = [10, 20, 30];

// Arrow function — no 'use' needed
$withTax = array_map(fn($p) => $p * $rate, $prices);

print_r($withTax); // [11.8, 23.6, 35.4]

<?php
$total = 0;
$nums  = [1, 2, 3];

// This does NOT modify $total!
array_walk($nums, fn($n) => $total += $n);

echo $total;  // 0

// Use a reference closure for mutation:
array_walk($nums, function($n) use (&$total) { $total += $n; });
echo $total;  // 6

<?php
$words = ['banana', 'apple', 'cherry'];

usort($words, fn($a, $b) => strcmp($a, $b));

print_r($words); // ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

<?php
$result = (function(): int {
    $x = 10;
    $y = 20;
    return $x + $y;
})();

echo $result; // 30
// $x and $y are not in outer scope

<?php
class Counter {
    private int $value = 0;
}

$increment = Closure::bind(function(int $by): void {
    $this->value += $by;
}, new Counter(), Counter::class);

// Now $increment has access to private $value