पूर्ण विशेषज्ञीकरण

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
struct TypeName { static const char* get() { return "unknown"; } };

template <>
struct TypeName<bool> { static const char* get() { return "bool"; } };

int main() {
    std::cout << TypeName<double>::get() << '\n';
    std::cout << TypeName<bool>::get() << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
struct Storage {
    T value;
    void show() { std::cout << "value: " << value << '\n'; }
};

template <>
struct Storage<bool> {
    bool value;
    void show() { std::cout << (value ? "true" : "false") << '\n'; }
};

int main() {
    Storage<int> s{5}; s.show();
    Storage<bool> b{true}; b.show();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

template <typename T>
bool equal(T a, T b) { return a == b; }

template <>
bool equal(const char* a, const char* b) { return std::strcmp(a, b) == 0; }

int main() {
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << equal(5, 5) << '\n';
    std::cout << equal("hi", "hi") << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
struct Printer {
    void print(T v) { std::cout << v << '\n'; }
};

template <>
void Printer<char>::print(char v) {
    std::cout << "char: " << v << '\n';
}

int main() {
    Printer<int>{}.print(7);
    Printer<char>{}.print('A');
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
int rank() { return 0; }

template <>
int rank<double>() { return 99; }

int main() {
    std::cout << rank<int>() << ' ' << rank<double>() << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
const char* kind() { return "generic"; }

template <>
const char* kind<float>() { return "float"; }

int main() {
    std::cout << kind<int>() << ' ' << kind<float>() << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

struct Point { int x, y; };

template <typename T>
struct Hasher { size_t operator()(const T&) { return 0; } };

template <>
struct Hasher<Point> {
    size_t operator()(const Point& p) { return p.x * 31 + p.y; }
};

int main() {
    Hasher<Point> h;
    std::cout << h(Point{2, 3}) << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

template <int N>
struct Fib { static const int value = Fib<N-1>::value + Fib<N-2>::value; };

template <>
struct Fib<0> { static const int value = 0; };

template <>
struct Fib<1> { static const int value = 1; };

int main() {
    std::cout << Fib<10>::value << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
T zero() { return T{}; }

template <>
int zero<int>() { return 0; }

int main() {
    std::cout << zero<int>() << ' ' << zero<double>() << '\n';
    return 0;
}