कस्टम तुलनाकर्ता

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <functional>

int main() {
    std::map<int, std::string, std::greater<int>> m{
        {1, "one"}, {3, "three"}, {2, "two"}
    };
    for (const auto& [k, v] : m) std::cout << k << ':' << v << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

struct Less {
    bool operator()(int a, int b) const { return a < b; }
};

int main() {
    Less cmp;
    std::cout << std::boolalpha << cmp(2, 5) << '\n';
    std::cout << cmp(5, 2) << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

struct ByAbs {
    bool operator()(int a, int b) const {
        return (a < 0 ? -a : a) < (b < 0 ? -b : b);
    }
};

int main() {
    std::set<int, ByAbs> s{-5, 3, -1, 4};
    for (int x : s) std::cout << x << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <string>

struct ByLen {
    bool operator()(const std::string& a, const std::string& b) const {
        if (a.size() != b.size()) return a.size() < b.size();
        return a < b;
    }
};

int main() {
    std::set<std::string, ByLen> s{"bbb", "a", "cc", "dd"};
    for (const auto& x : s) std::cout << x << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <string>

struct LenOnly {
    bool operator()(const std::string& a, const std::string& b) const {
        return a.size() < b.size();
    }
};

int main() {
    std::set<std::string, LenOnly> s{"ab", "cd", "x"};
    std::cout << s.size() << " elements\n";
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main() {
    auto cmp = [](int a, int b) { return a > b; };
    std::set<int, decltype(cmp)> s(cmp);
    s.insert(1);
    s.insert(3);
    s.insert(2);
    for (int x : s) std::cout << x << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>

int main() {
    std::priority_queue<int, std::vector<int>, std::greater<int>> pq;
    pq.push(5); pq.push(1); pq.push(3);
    while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top() << ' '; pq.pop(); }
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <utility>

struct BySecond {
    bool operator()(const std::pair<int,int>& a, const std::pair<int,int>& b) const {
        return a.second < b.second;
    }
};

int main() {
    std::set<std::pair<int,int>, BySecond> s{{1, 9}, {2, 3}, {3, 6}};
    for (const auto& p : s) std::cout << p.first << ':' << p.second << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <functional>

int main() {
    std::set<int, std::less<>> s{1, 2, 3};
    std::cout << (s.find(2) != s.end() ? "found" : "no") << '\n';
    return 0;
}