Reader-Writer Scenarios के लिए ReadWriteLock

import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

ReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
Lock readLock  = rwLock.readLock();
Lock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();

class ReadableCache {
    private final Map<String, String> cache = new HashMap<>();
    private final ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    
    String get(String key) {
        lock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            return cache.get(key); // concurrent reads OK
        } finally {
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }
}

class WritableCache extends ReadableCache {
    private final ReadWriteLock wLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private final Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
    
    void put(String key, String value) {
        wLock.writeLock().lock();
        try {
            data.put(key, value); // exclusive write
        } finally {
            wLock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }
}

class Cache<K,V> {
    private final Map<K,V> map = new HashMap<>();
    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    
    V get(K key) {
        lock.readLock().lock();
        try { return map.get(key); }
        finally { lock.readLock().unlock(); }
    }
    
    void put(K key, V value) {
        lock.writeLock().lock();
        try { map.put(key, value); }
        finally { lock.writeLock().unlock(); }
    }
    
    int size() {
        lock.readLock().lock();
        try { return map.size(); }
        finally { lock.readLock().unlock(); }
    }
}

ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
Lock r = rwl.readLock(), w = rwl.writeLock();

w.lock(); // acquire write
try {
    // modify data
    r.lock(); // acquire read WHILE holding write
} finally {
    w.unlock(); // release write, now holding read only
}
try {
    // safely read the just-written data
} finally {
    r.unlock();
}

// DEADLOCK: Do NOT do this
lock.readLock().lock();
try {
    lock.writeLock().lock(); // DEADLOCK — waits for readLock to release
} finally {
    lock.readLock().unlock();
}

// synchronized: only one thread reads at a time
synchronized String get(String key) { return cache.get(key); }

// ReadWriteLock: many threads can read simultaneously
String get2(String key) {
    lock.readLock().lock();
    try { return cache.get(key); }
    finally { lock.readLock().unlock(); }
}

// Often better than HashMap + ReadWriteLock for simple operations:
Map<String, String> concurrent = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
concurrent.put("key", "value"); // thread-safe, no explicit lock
String v = concurrent.get("key"); // thread-safe

// Fair: waiting writers are served before new readers
ReentrantReadWriteLock fairLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);
System.out.println(fairLock.isFair()); // true