Comparator और Lambda Sorting

import java.util.*;

record Product(String name, double price, int stock) {}

List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>(List.of(
    new Product("Mouse",    29.99, 50),
    new Product("Laptop",  999.00, 5),
    new Product("USB Hub",  24.99, 100)
));

// Lambda comparator
products.sort((a, b) -> Double.compare(a.price(), b.price()));
System.out.println(products);
// [USB Hub, Mouse, Laptop] (by price ascending)

import java.util.Comparator;

Comparator<Product> byPrice = Comparator.comparingDouble(Product::price);
Comparator<Product> byName  = Comparator.comparing(Product::name);
Comparator<Product> byStock = Comparator.comparingInt(Product::stock);

products.sort(byPrice);
System.out.println(products); // sorted by price ascending

products.sort(byName);
System.out.println(products); // sorted alphabetically

import java.util.Comparator;

Comparator<Product> mostExpensiveFirst =
    Comparator.comparingDouble(Product::price).reversed();

products.sort(mostExpensiveFirst);
System.out.println(products);
// [Laptop($999.0), Mouse($29.99), USB Hub($24.99)]

List<String> names = new ArrayList<>(List.of("Charlie", "Alice", "Bob"));

names.sort(Comparator.naturalOrder());
System.out.println(names); // [Alice, Bob, Charlie]

names.sort(Comparator.reverseOrder());
System.out.println(names); // [Charlie, Bob, Alice]

// Sort integers descending
List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>(List.of(5, 2, 8, 1, 9));
nums.sort(Comparator.reverseOrder());
System.out.println(nums); // [9, 8, 5, 2, 1]

import java.util.*;

List<String> withNulls = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Charlie", null, "Alice", null, "Bob"));

withNulls.sort(Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder()));
System.out.println(withNulls); // [Alice, Bob, Charlie, null, null]

withNulls.sort(Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.naturalOrder()));
System.out.println(withNulls); // [null, null, Alice, Bob, Charlie]

import java.util.stream.*;

record Employee(String name, String dept, double salary) {}

List<Employee> employees = List.of(
    new Employee("Alice",   "Engineering", 95000),
    new Employee("Bob",     "Marketing",   72000),
    new Employee("Charlie", "Engineering", 105000)
);

// Sort by salary descending in a stream pipeline
employees.stream()
    .sorted(Comparator.comparingDouble(Employee::salary).reversed())
    .forEach(e -> System.out.println(e.name() + ": $" + e.salary()));
// Charlie: $105000.0 / Alice: $95000.0 / Bob: $72000.0

// Lambda
Comparator<String> c1 = (a, b) -> a.length() - b.length();

// Comparator.comparing with lambda
Comparator<String> c2 = Comparator.comparing(s -> s.length());

// Comparator.comparingInt with method reference (cleanest)
Comparator<String> c3 = Comparator.comparingInt(String::length);

List<String> words = new ArrayList<>(List.of("banana", "fig", "apple", "kiwi"));
words.sort(c3);
System.out.println(words); // [fig, kiwi, apple, banana]

class DistanceComparator implements Comparator<String> {
    private final String target;
    DistanceComparator(String target) { this.target = target; }

    @Override
    public int compare(String a, String b) {
        return Integer.compare(distance(a), distance(b));
    }

    private int distance(String s) { return Math.abs(s.length() - target.length()); }
}

List<String> words = new ArrayList<>(List.of("Java", "Go", "Python", "C", "Kotlin"));
words.sort(new DistanceComparator("Java"));
System.out.println(words); // closest length to "Java" first

import java.util.*;

record Item(String name, double price, boolean inStock) {}

List<Item> catalog = List.of(
    new Item("Laptop",  999.0,  true),
    new Item("Case",     19.99, false),
    new Item("Mouse",    29.99, true),
    new Item("Monitor", 349.0,  true)
);

Comparator<Item> catalogSort =
    Comparator.comparing(Item::inStock).reversed()     // in-stock first
    .thenComparingDouble(Item::price)                  // then cheapest
    .thenComparing(Item::name);                        // then alphabetical

catalog.stream().sorted(catalogSort)
    .forEach(i -> System.out.printf("%s %-15s $%.2f%n",
        i.inStock() ? "[Y]" : "[N]", i.name(), i.price()));

String[] words = {"banana", "fig", "apple", "kiwi", "cherry"};

// Sort by length, then alphabetically for same length
Arrays.sort(words,
    Comparator.comparingInt(String::length)
              .thenComparing(Comparator.naturalOrder()));

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(words));
// [fig, kiwi, apple, banana, cherry]