PagingSource और Pager

override suspend fun load(
    params: LoadParams<Int>
): LoadResult<Int, Article> {
    val page = params.key ?: 1   // first load has a null key
    return try {
        val response = api.getArticles(page = page, size = params.loadSize)
        LoadResult.Page(
            data = response.items,
            prevKey = if (page == 1) null else page - 1,
            nextKey = if (response.items.isEmpty()) null else page + 1
        )
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        LoadResult.Error(e)
    }
}

// Stop forward paging when the server returns an empty page
nextKey = if (response.items.isEmpty()) null else page + 1

// Stop backward paging at the first page
prevKey = if (page == 1) null else page - 1

override fun getRefreshKey(state: PagingState<Int, Article>): Int? {
    return state.anchorPosition?.let { anchor ->
        val closestPage = state.closestPageToPosition(anchor)
        closestPage?.prevKey?.plus(1)
            ?: closestPage?.nextKey?.minus(1)
    }
}

return try {
    val response = api.getArticles(page = page, size = params.loadSize)
    LoadResult.Page(
        data = response.items,
        prevKey = if (page == 1) null else page - 1,
        nextKey = if (response.items.isEmpty()) null else page + 1
    )
} catch (e: IOException) {        // no network
    LoadResult.Error(e)
} catch (e: HttpException) {       // non-2xx response
    LoadResult.Error(e)
}

import androidx.paging.Pager
import androidx.paging.PagingConfig
import androidx.paging.PagingData
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow

class ArticleRepository(private val api: ArticleApi) {
    fun articleStream(): Flow<PagingData<Article>> = Pager(
        config = PagingConfig(pageSize = 20, prefetchDistance = 5),
        pagingSourceFactory = { ArticlePagingSource(api) }
    ).flow
}

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
import androidx.paging.cachedIn

class ArticleViewModel(
    repo: ArticleRepository
) : ViewModel() {
    val articles = repo.articleStream()
        .cachedIn(viewModelScope)
}

// Correct: respect the size Paging asks for
val response = api.getArticles(page = page, size = params.loadSize)

// PagingConfig can tune the first load:
PagingConfig(pageSize = 20, initialLoadSize = 40)

class CursorArticleSource(
    private val api: ArticleApi
) : PagingSource<String, Article>() {
    override suspend fun load(
        params: LoadParams<String>
    ): LoadResult<String, Article> {
        val cursor = params.key   // null on first load
        return try {
            val res = api.getArticles(cursor = cursor, size = params.loadSize)
            LoadResult.Page(
                data = res.items,
                prevKey = null,            // forward-only cursor
                nextKey = res.nextCursor   // null when exhausted
            )
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            LoadResult.Error(e)
        }
    }

    override fun getRefreshKey(state: PagingState<String, Article>) = null
}

// Data layer summary
// 1. ArticlePagingSource : PagingSource<Int, Article>
// 2. Pager(config, factory).flow  -> Flow<PagingData<Article>>
// 3. ViewModel: repo.articleStream().cachedIn(viewModelScope)
// UI just collects viewModel.articles