قوائم الالتقاط و weak self

class Owner {
    var onEvent: (() -> Void)?
    func setup() {
        onEvent = { print(self.describe()) }  // strong self -> cycle
    }
    func describe() -> String { "Owner" }
}
let o = Owner(); o.setup()
o.onEvent?()  // "Owner"  (but leaks)

class Owner {
    var onEvent: (() -> Void)?
    func setup() {
        onEvent = { [weak self] in
            print(self?.describe() ?? "gone")
        }
    }
    func describe() -> String { "Owner" }
}
let o = Owner(); o.setup()
o.onEvent?()  // "Owner"  (no cycle)

class Worker {
    var tag = "W"
    lazy var job: () -> Void = { [weak self] in
        guard let self = self else { return }
        print(self.tag)
    }
}
let w = Worker()
w.job()  // "W"

class Service {
    var name = "S"
    lazy var run: () -> Void = { [weak self] in
        guard let self else { return }
        print(self.name)
        print("still \(self.name)")
    }
}
Service().run()  // "S" / "still S"

class Timer2 {
    var ticks = 0
    lazy var tick: () -> Void = { [unowned self] in
        self.ticks += 1
    }
}
let t = Timer2()
t.tick(); t.tick()
print(t.ticks)  // 2

class VM {
    let id = 42
    lazy var printer: () -> Void = { [id] in print(id) }
}
VM().printer()  // 42

class Calc {
    let factor = 3
    func scale(_ xs: [Int]) -> [Int] {
        xs.map { $0 * self.factor }   // safe, non-escaping
    }
}
print(Calc().scale([1, 2]))  // [3, 6]

class P {
    var n = "P"
    var stored: (() -> Void)?
    func arm() { stored = { [weak self] in print(self?.n ?? "-") } }
}
let p = P(); p.arm(); p.stored?()  // "P"