Bridging legacy callbacks/Combine to async/await

enum NetError: Error { case offline; case badStatus }

func loadNumber(completion: @escaping (Result<Int, Error>) -> Void) {
    Task {
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 80_000_000)
        completion(.failure(NetError.offline))
    }
}

func loadNumber() async throws -> Int {
    try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { (cont: CheckedContinuation<Int, Error>) in
        loadNumber { result in
            switch result {
            case .success(let v): cont.resume(returning: v)
            case .failure(let e): cont.resume(throwing: e)
            }
        }
    }
}

Task {
    do {
        let n = try await loadNumber()
        print(n)
    } catch {
        print("error:", error) // offline
    }
}

import Foundation

func getText(from url: URL) async throws -> String {
    try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { (cont: CheckedContinuation<String, Error>) in
        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { data, resp, err in
            if let err = err { cont.resume(throwing: err); return }
            guard let data = data, let text = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) else {
                cont.resume(throwing: URLError(.badServerResponse)); return
            }
            cont.resume(returning: text)
        }
        task.resume()
    }
}

// Demo (works in environments with network access)
let demoURL = URL(string: "https://example.com")!
Task {
    do { let body = try await getText(from: demoURL); print(body.prefix(15)) }
    catch { print("network error:", error) }
}

import Combine
import Foundation

let subject = PassthroughSubject<Int, Never>()

// Consume Combine as AsyncSequence:
Task {
    var produced: [Int] = []
    for await value in subject.values {          // Publisher.values -> AsyncSequence
        produced.append(value)
        if produced.count == 3 { break }         // stop after 3 values
    }
    print("collected:", produced)                // e.g., [1,2,3]
}

// Publish a few values
var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
Timer.publish(every: 0.05, on: .main, in: .common)
    .autoconnect()
    .prefix(3)
    .scan(0) { acc, _ in acc + 1 }
    .sink { subject.send($0) }
    .store(in: &cancellables)

import Combine

// Bridge ANY Publisher to AsyncSequence using AsyncStream (simple version)
extension Publisher {
    func asAsyncStream() -> AsyncStream<Output> {
        AsyncStream { continuation in
            let cancel = self.sink(
                receiveCompletion: { _ in continuation.finish() },
                receiveValue: { value in continuation.yield(value) }
            )
            continuation.onTermination = { _ in cancel.cancel() }
        }
    }
}

// Demo:
let pub = [10, 20, 30].publisher
Task {
    var sum = 0
    for await v in pub.asAsyncStream() { sum += v }
    print("sum:", sum) // 60
}